This post will cover Article 1, section 6 and 7:
Section 6 - Compensation
(The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.) (The preceding words in parentheses were modified by the 27th Amendment.) They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.
Wow, so the Congress can set its own salary, not really news. It does state that the 27th amendment modified this and I'll get to that when we reach the 27th amendment.
No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.
This is what requires all the members of Congress, etc. to quit before they can take another position in the government, like Hillary Clinton taking the Secretary of State position.
Section 7 - Revenue Bills, Legislative Process, Presidential Veto
All bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.
Ah, the Congress/House of Representatives has the power to determine the spending of the country. In addition, the Senate may propose or concur on said spending, so why is it that the President presents the budget? I guess he can present bills to Congress, right? Yep, but this clearly states that said bill are to originate in the House, not with the President. Huh, so this one has pretty much been violated by everyone, ok.
Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.
So here we have the majority vote passes, followed by Presidential signature or veto, with the 2/3 vote requirement to override veto. It is also where we find the justification for the pocket veto or for a President refusing to sign a bill but allowing it to become law by not vetoing it either. Lots of political stuff chocked into this paragraph. I love it.
Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.
More wonderfully political stuff about how a bill becomes a law, again, I love it.
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